What Is The Abstinence Violation Effect (AVE)?

The Abstinence Violation Effect is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a person experiences relapse after attempting to abstain from drug or alcohol use.

The term was coined by G.S. Marlatt and J.R. Gordon as part of their cognitive-behavioral model of relapse prevention, and it is used particularly in the context of substance use disorders.

Defining The Abstinence Violation Effect (AVE)

The AVE describes the negative emotional response that often accompanies a failure to maintain abstinence from drugs or alcohol. This response may include guilt, shame, and self-blame.

Additionally, individuals may engage in cognitive distortions or negative self-talk, such as believing that the relapse is evidence of personal weakness.

One of the key features of the AVE is its potential to trigger a downward spiral of further relapse and continued substance use.

Individuals who experience the AVE may be more susceptible to further relapse due to the emotional distress and negative self-perception associated with the initial setback.

This can create a cycle of self-recrimination and further substance use, making it challenging to maintain long-term abstinence.

Factors That Contribute To The Abstinence Violation Effect

There are several factors that can contribute to the development of the AVE in people recovering from addiction.

These factors can include:

• perceived loss of control over substance use following a relapse
• negative self-attributions
• cognitive distortions, such as black-and-white thinking or catastrophizing
• emotional reactivity
• social influences such as stigma, social pressure, or negative reactions from others
• previous experiences of relapse
• lack of coping strategies
• biological factors such as genetic predisposition or neurochemical imbalances

Overall, the Abstinence Violation Effect is a complex phenomenon influenced by a combination of cognitive, emotional, and biological factors.

How The Abstinence Violation Effect Impacts Long-Term Recovery

When people experience a relapse after attempting to maintain abstinence from drugs or alcohol, the emotional responses associated with the AVE can undermine their confidence.

Feelings of guilt, shame, and self-blame may lead people to question their ability to overcome addiction and exacerbate underlying issues of low self-esteem.

As a result, the AVE can trigger a cycle of further relapse and continued substance use, since people may turn to substances as a way to cope with the emotional distress.

When people don’t have the proper tools to navigate the challenges of recovery, the AVE is more likely to occur, which can make it difficult to achieve long-term sobriety.

Addressing the AVE in the context of addiction treatment involves helping people develop healthier coping strategies and challenging negative beliefs that contribute to addiction.

Countering The Effects Of Abstinence Violation Effect

Counteracting the effects of the AVE is necessary to support long-term recovery from addiction.

By implementing certain strategies, people can develop resilience, self-compassion, and adaptive coping skills to counteract the effects of the AVE and maintain lifelong sobriety.

Normalize Relapse

Recognize that setbacks are common during recovery and do not equate to failure. Rather, remember that relapse is a natural part of the journey and an opportunity for growth.

Challenge Negative Thoughts

It’s important to challenge negative beliefs and cognitive distortions that may arise following a relapse.

Instead of sinking into self-blame, reframe setbacks as temporary obstacles rather than insurmountable failures, and replace blame with self-compassion and understanding.

Seek Support

Reach out to friends, family, or support groups for encouragement during difficult times.

Though it may be tempting to isolate yourself, do your best to surround yourself with people who understand your struggles and can offer a sense of connection.

Develop Coping Skills

Learning healthy coping mechanisms can help you manage stress, cravings, and triggers without resorting to substance use.

Some examples of proven coping skills include practicing mindfulness, engaging in exercise, or pursuing activities that bring you fulfillment.

Set Realistic Expectations

Set realistic expectations for your recovery journey, understanding that progress may not always be linear. Rather than only focusing on the end goal, celebrate small victories and all positive steps you’ve taken thus far.

Focus On Self-Care

Prioritize self-care activities that promote physical, emotional, and mental well-being.

Maintain a balanced lifestyle by eating healthily, exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, and engaging in activities that bring you happiness and fulfillment.

Learn From Relapse

Use relapse as an opportunity for self-reflection and growth. Identify triggers that may have contributed to the relapse and develop strategies to address them proactively in the future.

Relapse Prevention And Ongoing Treatment At Bedrock

Twelve-month relapse rates following alcohol or drug cessation attempts can range from 60 to 90 percent, and the AVE can contribute to extended relapses.

Fortunately, professional treatment for addiction can improve outcomes for people experiencing the Abstinence Violation Effect.

At Bedrock, we use evidence-based approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help our clients develop coping skills and enhance resilience in the face of setbacks.

Additionally, we offer medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to help alleviate withdrawal symptoms and cravings, reducing the risk of relapse due to the emotional distress associated with the AVE.

By providing comprehensive care, our treatment programs create a supportive environment in which our clients can build a solid foundation for lasting sobriety.

Ask About Addiction Treatment In Massachusetts

If you or a loved one is experiencing addiction in Massachusetts, our professional clinicians can help. Contact Bedrock Recovery Center today to learn more.